Tuesday, July 04, 2006

Home is where etc, etc: A Srirangam story

Went home after what seems like an eternity. Went to Srirangam. A place I hold so close to my heart that it has withstood all my bravura about being a failed atheist.
Never knew a homecoming would turn out to be a soul-therapy. All it needed was for me to take one look at the steamily dirty Cauvery to get this all's-well-with-the-world-and-god's-in-his-heaven kinda feel. Human floatsam and jetsam can never ever sully a great river. And she is the greatest there ever was...
Be that as it may, it is the town itself that gives me this time-machine experience every time I set foot there. True, one sees the same semi-cartoonish vertical vertigo that every little town goes through: where there were once sprawling naalu-adukku houses complete with a mitham, thinnai, vennir-ul and saami-room, all you now have are ugly pigeon holed apartments.
The real surprise of the town, however, lies protected in the womb of the temple, inside a small shrine near the sanctum sanctorum, around the magical-realist legend of Surathani, the daughter of Sultan Malik Kafur (1310-1311 AD) of Delhi.
Without sounding docu-drama-ish, the legend of Surathani (or Bibi Nachiyar as she is known) is perhaps one of the best examples of `secularism' (oh, that awfully-bandied, vilely-abused word!) that is cast in stone in what is considered to be the foremost Vaishnavite shrine in the country.
In a nutshell: when Kafur's men invaded Srirangam, they raided the ancient temple and carried with them the idol of the main deity--Ranganatha--as war keepsake to Delhi. So entranced was Surathani by the beauty of the idol that she refused to part with it. Following an appeal by devotees, Kafur decided to return the idol to Srirangam, but had not reckoned with his daughter who followed the idol all the way down south. Upon arrival, she prostrated before the sanctum sanctorum and died almost immediately. Till today, she retains her Muslim identity in an all-Vaishnavite temple and accepts only rotis as prasadam.
Not that the legend--or what we know of it today--is blemish-free.
But then what is a legend without some leeway?
A few years back, when I recited this legend to a gender studies researcher from the University of Pennsylvania--who had come down all the way to Tamil Nadu to do, of all things, a research piece on Avvayar--she chortled: ``Sub-ordination of the feminine! An extension of the Andal, Meera, Radha etc, etc concepts to a Muslim princess to prove the superiority of a male Hindu god.'' Hunh?
Maybe the Surathani legend was a construct of patriarchy, maybe the princess herself would have been none too happy to be thought of as a dim-witted, obsessed thulakachi.
But, the legend doesnt end there: thinking his daughter had been done to death by the devotees, an enraged Kafur once again ordered the invasion of the temple and what followed was perhaps the bloodiest period in the temple's history: the deity himself had to go underground, the temple was shut up and 13,000 devotees died in protecting the temple from the invaders. For nearly six generations, only a ghostly sliver of glory.
Sounds familiar, doesnt it, this vengeance-is-mine twist to the tale?
Whatever, when all else has been reduced to rubble and dust, legends will still rule the world and perhaps the princess will have the last laugh...

13 comments:

hari said...

Hi Vani,

Long time no see. I thought you would come back only in your forties now.

Anyway it is a great educative comeback post from you. I have never heard of this story about the Srirangam temple. And though I have visited the temple a dozen times but am yet to see and learn a lot of aspects about it.

May be the next time I should request your company to the temple so that it can be an enlightening experience.

Ravi said...

Well written, though I had heard a different story about the Sultan's daughter. Also I was not aware of the massacre. The Delhi sultan's kingdom did not extend much beyond today's Karnataka, so I am not sure if he and his soldiers actually set foot in Srirangam. Must have been Melkote which too was a seat of Ramanujacharya for about 40 years.

Ranjitha said...

constructs of patriarchy apart, the religious co-existence, so to speak is called syncretism so you needn't fall back on the ickily overdone `secularism'

Anonymous said...

Vani:

Good post.

My History teacher (Sir), during my (high)schooldays, has told us about this massacre and more that you have not covered.

So Srirangam is your native! Are you a SRC product? and are you Iyer or .....gar or .....

I am (was) from West Chithhirai Street.

Sheela

Anonymous said...

Hi Vani:
Glad to have you back after a long time. Liked your post. Please continue.

Anonymous said...

Hello Vani:
Is this some kind of a history lesson?
Anyway, thanks for the info. :}

Prakash said...

Vani,
Thanks for sharing your knowledge on bibi nachiyaar. I was told that she mysteriously vanished after entering the Sannidhi ...and merged with the Lord...I never believed in it...now, i understand that she died at "perumal sannidhi"...

Vani said...

Hari: Yes, am here and only wish i could remain where I am. As for that Srirangam visit, I owe you one. But, boy, you make me feel puffed up and all that, using words like `request' and `enlightening'.
Anyways, be my guest, anytime!
Ravi: Thanx for the observation. One of history's biggest kicks is that it is full of such glorious uncertainties. Just keeps the stream moving,as they say.

Vani said...

Sheela: Can I borrow your history teacher? Yes, am from Srirangam--and SRC too (is that old sappota tree still there? Miss it much), but it is amusing how you automatically try to pin me down to specifics. Keep guessing!
Prakash: it is just that this little legend fascinated me no end. Apart from that, all the esotericism associated with it is open-ended. We can only gape and wonder some more!

Krishna Parmeswaran said...

Hello Vani, I have just started blogging. Have to confess though I am fascinated by it. Being a pucca Mumbaiite, I have not travelled much down South. But Srirangam was one of the few places that I visited recently.
The Muslim legend was definitely worth reading. One thought that struck me was that, somehow or the other, there is a Muslim connection to our places of worship.
For example, even in SabariMalai, one has to pay respects to a Muslim Babar before going up to the temple.
Whatever be the reason, Surathani legend makes it interesting, to say the least!!

Vani said...

Krishna: thanks. The Muslim connection, in most Hindu religious places is, however, not a very happy association, as it is almost always a result of conquest.
The Srirangam legend, however, fascinated me as it shows a supra-linkage between real and assumed secularism.

mysoorininda said...

Hello Vani
Strangely i stumbled upon this story in a folk song i collected near Melukote
there is a shrine of this lady they call her VARANANDHI .
I am really puzzled
want to know more about this Bibi
she sounds fascinating
Rasheed

Anonymous said...

Dear Vani,

I firmly believe in the existense of Lord Sri Aranganathaswamy. Billions of devotees over thousands of years can't be wrong. One look at this majestic temple and the Statue of the Lord is enough to turn any atheist into a believer.

-Binoy